ADAPTIVE
DYNAMICS LAB
BBCI / ENTROPIC PLASTICITY

PERSON-SPECIFIC NEUROMODULATION

Explore a brain in the loop.

Synthetic research model
No patient data or demonstrated therapy effects

BASELINE
Loading cortical surface…
L ← cortical hemispheres → R
LOWHIGH ACTIVITY
Drag to rotate · Scroll to zoom · Select a node to inspect
fsaverage5 anatomy · 16 illustrative populations · synthetic connections
0.0 s

Follow the response

Selected strategy No stimulation
0–15 s · Baseline15–30 s · Context A30–45 s · Context B45–60 s · Washout

INDEPENDENT TASK READOUT

Did the circuit preserve the input?

A readout trained on a separate reference session estimates a simple input signal. These scores are engineering outcomes, not measures of autistic wellbeing.

Selected accuracy
No-stimulation accuracy
Selected tracking errorLower is better · model units

REPRODUCIBLE COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENT

What survives the controls?

24 synthetic individuals. Three evaluation seeds. Six strategies. A separate reference session for each individual.

StrategyInput tracking errorDecoding accuracyControl energy

Means and 95% bootstrap intervals across synthetic individuals. Seeds are averaged within each individual. These intervals do not describe patient treatment effects.

Stress the assumptions

What this model can establish

Whether a specified feedback rule works in a known synthetic dynamical system, and where it fails. It cannot establish clinical efficacy, stimulation safety, durable brain rewiring, or an autism-specific entropy target.

Neural dynamics: Wilson–Cowan-type excitatory and inhibitory populations. Plasticity: bounded rate covariance with relaxation toward baseline. Observation: a noisy population average, not scalp EEG. The anatomy is a display surface; the coupling matrix is synthetic.

Wilson & Cowan, 1972 · Bandt & Pompe, 2002

EVIDENCE THROUGH 7 SEPTEMBER 2026

The idea is evolving.

Three distinct questions: how brain dynamics differ, whether feedback changes those dynamics, and whether the change helps a person.

AUG 2026

Context gives apparent disorder structure

In 62 adults, psilocybin-related brain trajectories were aligned with the sensory context. This challenges the idea that increased signal diversity is simply unstructured noise. It is not evidence of benefit in autism.

Stoliker et al. · Nature ↗
JUN 2026

Heterogeneity depends on scale

A study of 1,824 people found very little overlap in extreme deviations at individual connections, but more convergence at regional and network scales. Atypical does not automatically mean harmful or identify a treatment target.

Ilioska et al. · Nature Mental Health ↗
APR 2026

A promising trial, a specific protocol

A sham-controlled trial in 200 autistic children reported better social-communication scores after motor-cortex stimulation. Follow-up lasted one month. This was neither an entropy-targeted nor a closed-loop treatment.

Tan et al. · The BMJ ↗
2023–24

Other stimulation trials were negative

Two trials of different frontal targets did not show superiority to sham on their primary autism symptom outcomes. Target, population, protocol, and endpoint matter.

Ni et al., 2023 ↗ · Ni et al., 2024 ↗
2025

Entropy is not one interchangeable measure

In one child EEG study, higher generalized entropy coexisted with lower Lempel–Ziv complexity. This lab specifies its estimator and tests measurement noise.

Tenev et al. · Frontiers in Psychiatry ↗
2024

Personalized feedback works in other settings

A four-person randomized feasibility study of adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease supports the engineering approach. Its benefits cannot be transferred to autism without direct evidence.

Oehrn et al. · Nature Medicine ↗

The next research question

Can a reliable, person-specific complexity measurement improve a consented functional outcome beyond simpler feedback, under realistic observation and actuation constraints?

The research manuscript and downloadable Python package define the equations, comparisons, data provenance, and limitations. No implant, drug administration, or human stimulation is performed by this application.